Alpaca Helps to Make COVID-19 Vaccine
2020-06-15
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1From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.
2In Sweden, scientists are looking to a farm animal to help them find a treatment or vaccine against the new coronavirus.
3Researchers from the Karolinska Institute, a medical university near Stockholm, are putting their hope in a 12-year-old alpaca from Germany.
4Alpacas belong to the camel family.
5The scientists started by recreating the so-called "spike" protein that permits the coronavirus to infect human cells.
6They then injected the spike protein into the alpaca, whose name is Tyson.
7The team is collecting blood samples to see whether the alpaca can develop antibodies against the spike protein.
8Extremely small antibodies, known as nanobodies, stick to the same part of the virus as human antibodies.
9In a statement to the press, the researchers called them "neutralizing antibodies."
10If you neutralize something harmful, you take away its ability to cause harm.
11The head of the research team in Sweden is Gerald McInerney.
12He said the hope is that the neutralizing antibodies will be able to effectively block the virus protein -- and thereby the coronavirus -- from entering cells and spreading.
13The results could be used to develop drug treatments or possibly a vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus.
14While the scientific work is still at an early stage, McInerney said his team has seen evidence it could work in people.
15In a Reuters interview McInerney said, "In principle, all the evidence would suggest it will work very well in humans."
16He added however, that "it is a very complex system."
17McInerney noted that the coronavirus mutates "quite easily."
18So, researchers need to be prepared to develop several different kinds of antibodies.
19COVID-19 has killed more than 400,000 people around the world.
20McInerney explained that his team began its research back in January.
21At that time, they say they believed the coronavirus could become a serious pandemic.
22The researchers also knew it would take a long time to develop a vaccine, as well as drugs to slow the progression of the disease and save lives, he added.
23Studies have shown that alpacas and other members of the camel family are known to produce nanobodies.
24Nanobodies are easier for scientists to work with.
25Sharks have also been found to produce nanobodies.
26But sharks are not as easy to work with as alpacas.
27Scientific experts say it will likely take some time to develop a vaccine for COVID-19.
28The team in Sweden is moving on to the next step, which could involve testing with other animals, such as mice or hamsters.
29The scientists say they hope their results can be used as a model for future COVID-19 research.
30As for Tyson the alpaca, the researchers say his job is done.
31"Tyson is 12 years old, I believe, and he may be looking at retirement soon," McInerney told Reuters.
32"So, he'll live out his life on his farm back in Germany."
33And that's the Health & Lifestyle report ... I'm Anna Matteo.
1From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report. 2In Sweden, scientists are looking to a farm animal to help them find a treatment or vaccine against the new coronavirus. 3Researchers from the Karolinska Institute, a medical university near Stockholm, are putting their hope in a 12-year-old alpaca from Germany. Alpacas belong to the camel family. 4The scientists started by recreating the so-called "spike" protein that permits the coronavirus to infect human cells. They then injected the spike protein into the alpaca, whose name is Tyson. 5The team is collecting blood samples to see whether the alpaca can develop antibodies against the spike protein. Extremely small antibodies, known as nanobodies, stick to the same part of the virus as human antibodies. 6In a statement to the press, the researchers called them "neutralizing antibodies." If you neutralize something harmful, you take away its ability to cause harm. 7The head of the research team in Sweden is Gerald McInerney. He said the hope is that the neutralizing antibodies will be able to effectively block the virus protein -- and thereby the coronavirus -- from entering cells and spreading. 8The results could be used to develop drug treatments or possibly a vaccine for COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. While the scientific work is still at an early stage, McInerney said his team has seen evidence it could work in people. 9In a Reuters interview McInerney said, "In principle, all the evidence would suggest it will work very well in humans." He added however, that "it is a very complex system." 10McInerney noted that the coronavirus mutates "quite easily." So, researchers need to be prepared to develop several different kinds of antibodies. 11COVID-19 has killed more than 400,000 people around the world. 12McInerney explained that his team began its research back in January. At that time, they say they believed the coronavirus could become a serious pandemic. The researchers also knew it would take a long time to develop a vaccine, as well as drugs to slow the progression of the disease and save lives, he added. 13But why use an alpaca? 14Studies have shown that alpacas and other members of the camel family are known to produce nanobodies. Nanobodies are easier for scientists to work with. Sharks have also been found to produce nanobodies. But sharks are not as easy to work with as alpacas. 15When will we have a vaccine? 16Scientific experts say it will likely take some time to develop a vaccine for COVID-19. 17The team in Sweden is moving on to the next step, which could involve testing with other animals, such as mice or hamsters. The scientists say they hope their results can be used as a model for future COVID-19 research. 18As for Tyson the alpaca, the researchers say his job is done. 19"Tyson is 12 years old, I believe, and he may be looking at retirement soon," McInerney told Reuters. "So, he'll live out his life on his farm back in Germany." 20And that's the Health & Lifestyle report ... I'm Anna Matteo. 21For Reuters: reporting by Philip O'Connor; writing by Simon Johnson; editing by Peter Graff. Anna Matteo adapted it for VOA Learning English with additional information from the Karolinska Institute's website. Bryan Lynn was the editor. 22________________________________________________________________ 23Words in This Story 24antibody - medical n. a substance produced by the body to fight disease 25principle - n. a basic truth or theory : an idea that forms the basis of something : a law or fact of nature that explains how something works or why something happens 26mutate - v. to cause (a gene) to change and create an unusual characteristic in a plant or animal : to cause mutation in (a gene) 27pandemic - n. occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population